The symposium of this title formed part of the 44th Congreso Internacional de Americanistas which met at Manchester in 1982. The papers presented and published here provide a useful summary of the themes concerning archaeologists working at a variety of sites in Peru and particularly in the highlands. Although the original intent was to include some discussion of the use of an interdisciplinary approach by projects principally concerned with archaeological data - this was later modified to provide an open forum on currrent research.